Moral Responsibility in Business

Moral Responsibility in BusinessMoral responsibilityMoral responsibility is the voluntary attributable responsibility ensuring that acts knowingly and by design carried out by rational human beings dont cause injury to other individuals. Wilmot (2001) contrasts the theories that from a business perspective, moral responsibility can be described as the quality of corporate behaviour by which the responsible corporation displays such characteristics as wisdom, prudence and moral fortitude, however from another perspective can be held to mean forcing corporations to account for their actions much as one would an individual. According to Constantinescu and Kaptein (2015), moral responsibility for outcomes in corporate settings can be ascribed individuals within the corporation, the corporation itself, or both, defining these as individual moral responsibility, corperate moral responsibility and Summative Corporate Moral Responsibility.There is a common held traditional belief that the crossway itself doesnt denote responsibility itself and that it is the user who has ultimate responsibility however this has been distorted over time to incorporate productions liability and the effects thereof. According to Federwisch (2015), an individual or party is morally responsible for an event as long as three premises are met, namely if they caused the event to occur, they acted within the bounds of reason out and they could have prevented the event from occurring.An example of this is the Perrier scandal in 1992, when a US production site discovered bottles containing the toxic chemical benzene. Perrier was arguably the market expand with over 60% sales derived from overseas exports. Having no contingency plan for product recall, the managements initial response was to pass the event off as an obscure incident, however when benzene was identified in Perrier globally, this was identified as an untenable explanation. In order to attempt to maintain reputation, a product recall of one hundred sixty million bottles from 120 countries was instigated at a cost of over $250m. Unfortunately, there was a delay in action from the company and poor decision qualification along with poor communication led to a loss of reputation among consumers (Caesar-Gordon., 2015). Subsequently, Perrier effectively went out of business, being brought up by the Nestl cooperation.This can be contrasted with the anterior effects of the Johnson and Johnson Tylenol event when in the eighties, packets of the pain killer Tylenol were deliberately contaminated with cyanide and placed upon the shelves resulting in several deaths. Immediately, the management torso at the manufacturers made an ethical decision in accordance with their ethical perspective and halted the advertising campaign from the product, recalled 31 million bottles- Tylenol accounted for 17% of the companies cabbage income, causing a cost of $100 million. Ultimately, the decision proved to be highly successf ul. Whilst initial losses were apparent, and stock prices in the firm dipped, public combine in the firm was restored by the action and within two months of the event, the stock prices recovered and the company regained its market position (Benoit, 2012).There are however, examples in which the conditions nonplus a grey area, notably in the manufacture of products that are intentional to cause harm, creating a paradox in the subject of moral responsibility. Constantinescu and Kaptein (2015) posed the question, is there any point in discussing the morality of organizations when this could be rendered redundant in light of existing legislation-as such, do ethics transend law. Comparative morality suggests they do in that a firm whitethorn be acting within the bounds of legality, yet still perform unethical actions. An example of this is the production of armaments. Guns are designed to kill. They may not be employed as such as they can be used for certain non-lethal sporting practi ces e.g. target, filed and skeet (clay pigeon) however that state of matter not detract from the fact that the primary rationale for the design of a gun is to have the ability to kill. As such it becomes difficult to prove that the product was misused relative to its design specification whilst maintaining that the action met with the conditions outlined earlier that denote responsibility.According to Kurtzleben (2015), it is not true that gun manufacturers are not conceivable for their goods, however, they have specific legal protections against liability that very few other industries can share, namely the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms moment of 2005-this doesnt absolve arms manufacturers from liability pertaining to defects in the construction of the item however it does provide the mechanism by which use of the device within its intended adjudicate cannot de facto be classified as misuse thereby, if such a weapon was used to cause harm to an individual, then it is pe rforming as it was intended and a case cannot be bought against the manufacturer. If conversely during the process, the weapon self-destructs and harms the user then the manufacturer is liable.Wilmott (2001) raises the question that the application of corporate responsibility being aimed at the organisation sort of than the actions of an individual arises because the probability of ascertaining guilt amongst a complex organisation is unlikely therefore the outcome is questionable. This leads to examination of the nature of punishments incurred by the relative organisation which may often appear complex and disproportionate, however this can reflect upon the nature of the punishment being control or deterrence, and can be compounded by the effect of reputation and image in light of a positive outcome.ReferencesBenoit, A. (2012, November 11). Johnson and Johnson Recalling, Reassuring, and Reviving. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https//bizgovsoc4.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/johnson-and- johnson-recalling-reassuring-and-reviving-2/Constantinescu, M., Kaptein, M. (2015). Mutually enhancing responsibility a theoretical exploration of the interaction mechanisms between individual and corporate moral responsibility. Journal of Business morality JBE Dordrecht129.2 (Jun 2015) 325-339.Caesar-Gordon , A. (2015). Lessons to learn from a product recall .Retrieved March 04, 2017, from http//www.prweek.com/article/1357209/lessons-learn-product-recallFederwisch, A. (2015). The Ethics of Product Usage. Retrieved March 11, 2017, from https//www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/the-ethics-of-product-usage/Kurtzleben (2015), http//www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/06/446348616/fact-check-are-gun-makers-totally-free-of-liability-for-their-behaviorWilmot, S., (2001). Corporate moral responsibility What can we infer from our understanding of organisations? Journal of Business Ethics JBE Dordrecht30.2 (Mar 2001) 161-169